What is the financial compensation given in cases of murder called in Islamic law?

The wealth or property left by a deceased person is called?

In the methodology of Islamic legal derivation, the principle of 'Istihsan' (Juristic Preference), utilized heavily in Hanafi jurisprudence, translates to:

The concept of 'Maqasid al-Shariah' refers to the overarching objectives of Islamic law. Which core value is part of the five fundamental preservation targets?

Under what condition can 'Urf' (localized custom or cultural practice) be integrated as a valid secondary source of law within Islamic jurisprudence?

In Islamic terminology, a Waqf land is called?

In Islamic jurisprudence, what structural requirement validates 'Ijma' as a binding, infallible primary source of law?