What technical mechanism defines a 'Man-in-the-Middle' (MitM) cyber attack vector within public communication lines?

What defining execution footprint distinguishes a 'Ransomware' cyber attack vector from standard spyware or tracking malware variants?

What core deceptive methodology defines a targeted 'Spear Phishing' cyber attack strategy?

How does asymmetric cryptography ensure secure digital data transmission over the public internet?